However, current respondentdrivensampling inference methods failed to reduce bias when it occurred. Respondentdriven sampling rds is used in a variety of settings to study hardtoreach populations at risk for hiv and sexually transmitted infections. Respondentdriven sampling is a novel variant of linktracing sampling for estimating the characteristics of hardtoreach groups, such as hiv prevalence in sexworkers. Respondentdriven sampling rds, combines snowball sampling getting individuals to refer those they know, these individuals in turn refer those they know and so on with a mathematical model that weights the sample to compensate for the fact that the sample was collected in.
Respondentdriven sampling rds is a sampling technique typically employed for hardtoreach populations for example, homeless people, people with aids, immigrants. Probability based estimation theory for respondent driven sampling. How to implement respondentdriven sampling in practice. These can be found in the open source software package rds analyst at the hidden populations methods research group hpmrg. Respondent driven sampling how is respondent driven sampling abbreviated. Bryant research systems has created a web based respondent driven sampling research management system to assist in the collection of data of a respondent driven sampling research site or multiple concurrent study sites.
Respondent driven sampling is a novel variant of linktracing sampling for estimating the characteristics of hardtoreach groups, such as hiv prevalence in sexworkers. Respondentdriven sampling rds employs a variant of a linktracing network sampling strategy to collect data from hardtoreach populations. Hidden population size estimation from respondentdriven sampling. We implemented the first, integrated, biobehavioural surveillance survey among men who have sex with men, female sex. Total population data on age, tribe, religion, socioeconomic status, sexual activity, and hiv status were available on a population of 2402 male household heads from an open cohort in rural uganda. Respondent driven sampling rds is a method to sample hardtoreach populations such as injecting drug users, men who have sex with men msm, and sex workers 1. Snowball sampling, also known as a reputational sampling, relies upon personal contacts of the people interviewed to gather information about other prospective respondents trochim 2006. Interactive mode allows users to analyze one file at a time using interactive pointandclick menus.
Respondent driven sampling involves both a field sampling technique and custom estimation procedures that correct for the presence of homophily on attributes in the population. The recruiting process repeats iteratively, thereby forming long referral chains. Rdsat is used for analyzing the data sampled through teh technique of respondent driven sampling. However, practices leading to successful recruitment among diverse populations in lowresource settings are seldom reported. By tracing the links in the underlying social network, the process exploits the social structure to expand the sample and reduce its dependence on the initial convenience sample. Feb 17, 2014 bryant research systems developed respondent driven sampling software that generates the unique serial numbering used to link a participant and their social network and convert it into a barcode. The package is part of the rds analyst suite of packages for the analysis of respondent driven sampling data. Beginning with a convenience sample, participants pass coupons to invite their contacts to join the sample. Provides functionality for carrying out estimation with data collected using respondentdriven sampling. Bryant research systems developed respondent driven sampling software that generates the unique serial numbering used to link a participant and their social network and convert it into a barcode. Webbased respondent driven sampling rds researchsite management, development. Webbased rds webrds is found to be highly efficient and effect. A new approach to the study of hidden populations douglas d.
Respondent driven sampling rds is a recently developed method used to sample hidden and hard to reach populations such as injecting drug users, commercial sex workers, and men who have sex with men. Respondentdriven sampling rds is widely used to sample hidden. In 20, i co founded the hardtoreach population methods research group to improve statistical methodologies to estimate prevalence and population sizes of hard to reach populations using respondent driven sampling rds. Respondent driven sampling rds is a network sampling technique typically employed for hardtoreach populations e. Novel sampling design for respondentdriven sampling mohammad khabbazian1, bret hanlon 2, zoe russek, and karl rohe 1department of electrical and computer engineering, university of wisconsinmadison 2department of statistics, university of wisconsinmadison abstract respondentdriven sampling rds is a method of chain referral sampling popular. Rds analyst rdsa is a software package for the analysis of respondentdriven sampling rds data that implements recent advances in statistical methods. Modelbased respondentdriven sampling analysis for hiv. Whether the data required to remove bias and measure precision can be collected in a respondentdriven sampling survey is unresolved. Respondentdriven sampling is a widelyused network sampling technique, designed to sample from hardtoreach populations. Effectiveness of respondentdriven sampling for recruiting. Rds analyst is essentially a set of tools to interpret data that has been collected in this way. Respondentdriven sampling for identification of hiv and. Journal of urban healthbulletin of the new york academy of medicine, 83, 98112.
Briefly, initial seed respondents recruit additional respondents from their network of friends. Respondentdriven sampling columbia university mailman. Johnston lg, whitehead s, simiclawson m, kendall c. By tracing the links in the underlying social network, the process exploits the social structure to expand the sample and reduce its dependence on the. Estimating the size of populations at high risk for hiv. Novel sampling design for respondentdriven sampling. Operational procedures, evolution of estimators, and topics for future research. Respondentdriven sampling and population summary metrics. A total of 56 seeds led to the recruitment of 26,447 n 11,997 msm. Bss data analysis importing rds data into rdsat youtube. Methodologyprincipal findings from may 2008 to february 2009, we used respondentdriven sampling to recruit msm. The package is part of the rds analyst suite of packages for the analysis of respondentdriven. The rds recruitment process is designed to spread through the social network connecting members of the target population. In this paper, we further develop a sampling and estimation technique called respondent driven sampling, which allows researchers to make asymptotically unbiased estimates about these hidden populations.
Although the method is often effective at attaining large and varied samples, its reliance on convenience samples, social. Respondentdriven sampling rds, combines snowball sampling with a mathematical model that weights the sample to compensate for the fact that the sample was collected in a nonrandom way. Respondentdriven sampling produced a generally representative sample of this wellconnected nonhidden population. Rds analyst rdsa is a software package for the analysis of respondent driven sampling rds data that implements recent advances in statistical methods rds analyst has an easytouse graphical user interface to the powerful and sophisticated capabilities of the computer package r.
Respondent driven sampling with online recruitment and. One of the main uses of rds sampling and of this software is to estimate the prevalence of some characteristic in the population, such as an infection rate. Respondentdriven sampling rds is a novel sampling technique that was designed to survey hardtoreach populations such as sex workers or injection drug users. Respondentdriven sampling can be used as a sampling method to recruit research participants from a hardtoreach population. Respondentdriven sampling provides functionality for carrying out estimation with data collected using respondentdriven sampling. How do we use the software to get the number of recruits. Richard g white,1 amy lansky,2 sharad goel,3 david wilson,4 wolfgang hladik,5 avi hakim,5 simon dw frost6 respondent driven sampling rds is a.
Respondentdriven sampling rds is a widely used method for sampling from hardtoreach human populations, especially groups most atrisk for hivaids. Home about us solutions services products contact us links faq end user agreement respondent driven sampling webbased software. Downloads in order to help the community take advantage of the respondent driven sampling methodology, we have developed a software package capable of analysing rds data sets. Respondent driven sampling is a widelyused network sampling technique, designed to sample from hardtoreach populations. Respondentdriven sampling rds, combines snowball sampling with a. Respondent driven sampling and population summary metrics. Despite its use by leading health organizations, the performance of this method in. Respondentdriven sampling rds is a chainreferral strategy for recruiting hardtoreach populations that has increasingly been used to assess the burden of disease, including human immunodeficiency virus hiv infection.
Respondent driven sampling is a commonly used method for sampling from hardtoreach human populations connected by an underlying social network of relations. Respondentdriven sampling software to facilitate computation of the sampling equilibrium, number of waves required for equilibrium to be attained, estimated population size, homophily, and other relevant terms, custom software has been developed. Respondentdriven sampling rds is a method to sample hardtoreach populations such as injecting drug users, men who have sex with men msm, and. Implementation of webbased respondent driven sampling among. The respondent driven sampling coupon manager rdscm provides a convenient way to keep track of coupons numbers and respondent compensation and is developed by douglas heckathorn.
This study tests the feasibility, effectiveness, and efficiency of respondentdriven sampling rds as a webbased sampling method. Provides functionality for carrying out estimation with data collected using respondent driven sampling. Rds is said to reach members of a hidden population that may not be accessible through other sampling methods. Rds has proven practical for data collection in many difficult settings and is widely used. Respondentdriven sampling 243 this paper makes two main contributions. The sample is selected with a snowballtype design that can be done more cheaply, quickly, and easily than other methods currently in use.
It is effectively used to avoid bias in snowball sampling. Respondentdriven sampling is a commonly used method for sampling from hardtoreach human populations connected by an underlying social network of relations. Workshop on respondent driven sampling analyst software by the hardtoreach population methods research group we are. Sampling and estimation in hidden populations using. Rds is both a sampling and analysis technique so it is necessary to use diagnostic tools and the appropriate estimators for analysis. Software for rds analysis stand alone software for rds coupon. We evaluated respondent driven sampling by comparing estimates from a respondent driven sampling survey with total population data.
Rds analysis tool lets you perform respondentdriven sampling analysis. Improving the way that variance and sample size are calculated is an area of active research in rds. Background ugandas generalized hiv epidemic is well described, including an estimated adult male hiv prevalence in kampala of 4. This installer is over 110mb in size and will take time to download. Mar 11, 2016 respondent driven sampling rds is used in a variety of settings to study hardtoreach populations at risk for hiv and sexually transmitted infections. Rds uses a modified snowball sampling method to recruit research participants heckathorn 1997, 2002. In addition to the capacity to recruit research participants from hardtoreach populations, there is an rds statistical software package available that allows researchers to analyze their data using the rds mathematical. Rds analyst software was designed to help researchers visualize and analyze data collected via respondentdriven sampling designs.
Qr and standard barcodes are compatible with the system. Sampling and estimation in hidden populations using respondent driven sampling matthew j. Respondent driven sampling rds is a sampling technique typically employed for hardtoreach populations for example, homeless people, people with aids, immigrants. Lessons learned from respondentdriven sampling recruitment. This includes heckathorns rdsi and rdsii estimators as well as giles sequential sampling estimator. Respondent driven sampling manual rds is both a sampling and analysis technique so it is necessary to use diagnostic tools and the appropriate estimators for analysis. Rds analyst install hardtoreach population methods. Deze vragenlijst software is specifiek bedoeld voor respondentdriven sampling rds onderzoek, waarbij individuen gevraagd worden om een online. This study tests the feasibility, effectiveness, and efficiency of respondent driven sampling rds as a webbased sampling method.
Workshop on respondentdriven sampling analyst software. Rigorous populationbased hiv prevalence and incidence studies of transwomen are needed to support development of public health policies tailored to this highly vulnerable population. Respondent driven sampling 243 this paper makes two main contributions. Respondentdriven sampling rds is a recently developed method used to sample hidden and hard to reach populations such as injecting drug users, commercial sex workers, and men who have sex with men. Driven sampling methodology, we have developed a software. Home about us solutions services products contact us links faq end user agreement. Recruitment of msm was initiated on october 1, 2012, and ended june 24. May 25, 2012 for submitting all required data to cdc in a timely manner through the data coordinating center dcc data portal.
Respondentdriven sampling is a commonly used method for sampling from. Posted on june 9, 20, in uncategorized and tagged analysis options, rdsat, research, respondent driven sampling, sampling methodology, software. Respondentdriven sampling rds employs a variant of a linktracing network. Similar to snowball sampling, initial seed respondents recruit additional respondents from their network of friends. Chain referral, link tracing network sampling method based on social network theory. The system ensures the quality and the integrity of the data collected in real time. We evaluated respondentdriven sampling by comparing estimates from a respondentdriven sampling survey with total population data. Respondentdriven sampling rds is a widely used method for sampling from hardtoreach human populations, especially populations at higher risk for hiv. In this video you will learn ow to import respondent driven sampling rds data into respondent driven sampling analysis tool rdsat.
Participants were recruited through respondent driven sampling rds, which is a strategy for reaching stigmatized or hidden communities greiner et al. July 11, 2012 and january 21, 20 by using a webrds software. Respondent driven sampling lisa g johnston, ma, mph, phd. Methods for inference from respondentdriven sampling data. Respondentdriven sampling rds, a new form of chainreferral sampling, is designed to eliminate the bias caused by the nonrandom selection of the initial recruits and reduce other sources of bias e. Participants were recruited through respondentdriven sampling rds, which is a strategy for reaching stigmatized or hidden communities greiner et al.
Respondent driven sampling how is respondent driven. Respondentdriven sampling the comprehensive r archive. It has functions to view, summarize and analyze data see the help pages listed below. Rdscm can be run on any machine which has a java runtime environment installed on it. Douglas heckathorn, a professor of sociology at cornell and has been applied to groups ranging from men who have sex with men, injection drug users, children.
Formative research to optimize respondent driven sampling surveys among hardtoreach populations in hiv behavioral and biological surveillance. As a variant of a chainreferral sampling, it does not require the development of a sampling frame. Rds is a type of snowball sampling used for analyzing characteristics of hidden or hardtoreach populations. In the rdsat software that is to analyze the data of respondent.
A single weighting approach to analyze respondentdriven sampling. Heckathorn, university of connecticut a population is hidden when no sampling frame exists and public acknowledgment of membership in. Curriculum guidelines for undergraduate programs in data science. Respondent driven sampling rds, introduced by heckathorn 1997, also 2002, 2007, see also salganik and heckathorn, 2004, volz and heckathorn 2008 is an approach to sampling design and inference in hardtoreach populations. Respondentdriven sampling involves both a field sampling technique and custom estimation procedures that correct for the presence of homophily on attributes in the population. Jun 09, 20 posted on june 9, 20, in uncategorized and tagged analysis options, rdsat, research, respondent driven sampling, sampling methodology, software. We implemented the first, integrated, biobehavioural surveillance survey among men who have sex with men, female. Background respondent driven sampling rds was designed to study. May 08, 2014 in this video you will learn ow to import respondent driven sampling rds data into respondent driven sampling analysis tool rdsat. Although the method is often effective at attaining large and varied samples, its reliance on convenience samples, social network. Rds analyst install hardtoreach population methods research. Estimation from the resulting samples is an area of active research, with software available to compute at least four estimators of a population proportion. The existing software to analyze rds data is rds analysis tool rdsat, and it can. Workshop on respondentdriven sampling analyst software by the hardtoreach population methods research group we are.
In this paper, we further develop a sampling and estimation technique called respondentdriven sampling, which allows researchers to make asymptotically unbiased estimates about these hidden populations. Respondentdriven sampling rds is a form of chainreferral sampling, similar to snowball sampling, which was developed to reach hidden populations such as people who inject drugs pwid. Data are collected through peerreferral over social networks. Point estimates, variance, degree measures, and outofequilibrium data. Respondent driven sampling where we are and where should we be going. This video is part of a series on how to analyze data from. Editorial respondent driven sampling where we are and. Hidden population size estimation from respondentdriven. Rds analyst has an easytouse graphical user interface to the powerful and sophisticated capabilities of the computer package r. Respondentdriven sampling for identification of hiv and hcv.